Herbs,
shrubs, or
subshrubs annual or perennial; taprooted with woody caudices.
Stems several to many, erect, simple or branched, minutely hispidulous or glabrate proximally, hispidulous and glandular-viscid distally.
Leaves alternate, linear, tips acute, surfaces minutely hispidulous, often punctate-glandular; proximal nodes sometimes producing axillary fascicles of secondary leaves, especially on second-year stems.
Inflorescences heads solitary and terminal, or in clusters in tight or open arrays.
Heads radiate; peduncles glandular-viscid.
Phyllaries in several series, erect in flower, slightly spreading in fruit, lanceolate to deltate, obscurely veined, surfaces glandular-viscid; inner equal; outer gradually shorter.
Receptacles flat to conic, pitted; paleae 0.
Ray florets 1–30, pistillate, yellow or white.
Disc florets 1–150, bisexual; corollas tubular below, widened and funnel-shaped distally, yellow or white, lobes 5, triangular, recurved; stamens partly exserted; style branches slightly exserted.
Fruits oblong-cylindrical, truncate, tapering toward bases, obscurely veined; pappi of linear-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, ± deciduous scales.
North America, South America. 28 species; 1 species treated in Flora.
as described under Gutierrezia
Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10-150(-200) cm (taprooted). Stems erect to ascending, usually branched, glabrous or papillate-scabrous to minutely hispidulous or scabro-hirtellous. Leaves basal (persistent or absent at flowering) and cauline; alternate; sessile or petiolate (decurrent); blades (1-5-nerved) linear to lanceolate or spatulate, margins entire (sometimes scabroso-ciliate), faces glabrous or minutely hairy, gland-dotted (sometimes obscurely), resinous. Heads radiate, borne singly or (3-6) in clusters or glomerules. Involucres cylindric to campanulate, (2-11.5 ×) 0.8-7.5 mm. Phyllaries 4-40 in 2-4 series (stramineous), 1- or 3-nerved, (sometimes strongly convex or keeled), ovate to lanceolate, unequal, bases white-indurate, margins narrowly scarious, abaxial faces glabrous or sparsely hispidulous or hirtellous. Receptacles flat to conic, pitted (hairy, hairs 1-seriate, swollen, apically hooked), epaleate. Ray florets 1-30, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow or white (laminae coiling). Disc florets 1-150, bisexual, fertile, sometimes functionally staminate; corollas yellow or white, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, erect, short-deltate; style-branch appendages linear-lanceolate. Cypselae (light tan to purplish black) clavate or cylindric, not compressed, 5-8-nerved, hairy (glabrous in G. wrightii; hairs white, usually arising primarily from between ribs, appearing to occur in longitudinal lines, usually obscuring faces, apices acute or blunt with terminal cells slightly divergent, or clavate to bulbous); pappi persistent or readily falling, coroniform or of 5-10 whitish, irregular, sometimes ± connate, often erose-margined, scales in 1-2 series (usually longer in discs than rays). x = 4.Amphiachyris sometimes has been placed within Gutierrezia; it was treated as distinct by M. A. Lane (1982). The monotypic genus Thurovia from southeast Texas was included in Gutierrezia by Lane; recent molecular data support its status as a separate genus. Evidence from Y. Suh and B. B. Simpson (1990) suggested that Amphiachyris and Thurovia form the sister group to Gutierrezia. The taxonomic history of Gutierrezia also has been intertwined with species of Xanthocephalum, a genus superficially similar to Gutierrezia but more closely related to Grindelia and Isocoma.Gutierrezia is recognized by its taprooted habit, gland-dotted leaves, small heads, receptacles with fimbriate pit borders, funnelform disc corollas, clavate-hairy cypselae, pappi coroniform or of scales, and base chromosome number of x = 4. Polyploidy is common but of little taxonomic significance; polyploids of different levels tend to be scattered through the range of a species, and populations often comprise mixtures of individuals of different euploid levels (M. A. Lane 1985).